Cells seeded on treated titanium IV and titanium V, treated or not, showed higher mitochondrial activity over nontreated titanium IV. The cells with smaller circularity with a greater spread and spindle shape were the ones cultivated on the Grade V titanium surface. Cells cultivated on the surfaces with an argon-plasma treatment were enlarged in comparison to non-treated discs. Grade V titanium treated with argon plasma presented a higher viability percentage 91.3 ± 3.0% whereas nontreated Grade V titanium presented 53.3 ± 4.0%. At 24 h titanium treated with SLA showed a higher percentage of cell viability (47.3 ± 8.1%) compared to titanium IV treated with argon plasma, which presented a percentage of 79.1 ± 1.1%. On each disc, 20 × 104 cells were cultivated for morphological analysis, study of cell viability (regarding a negative control ) and mitochondrial energy balance. One group of each grade of titanium was decontaminated with argon plasma and compared. SLA is a widely used surface treatment to create micro- and macroretentions to enhance osteoconductive properties on the surface.
The aim of this study was to analyse the behaviour of human osteoblasts (MG-63) on Grade IV and V titanium possessing a sand-blasted, acid-etched (SLA) surface. Treatment with argon plasma may favour growth of human osteoblasts with respect to cell adhesion and proliferation. Titanium is characterized by its biocompatibility and resistance to stress and fatigue. Besides, all the samples exhibited in vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), as well as enhanced in vitro cell growth and also significant focal adhesion development and maturation. However, only the release of silicon was detected for water-washed samples. It was found that calcium and phosphate-containing ethanol-washed xerogels presented in vitro release of calcium (2–12 mg/L) and silicon ions (~60–75 mg/L) after one week of soaking in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), as revealed by inductive coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy analysis.
In addition the impact that both washing solvent and TCP content have on the biodegradation, in vitro bioactivity and osteoconduction of xerogels were explored. Soaked samples were eventually dried by evaporative drying at air ambient pressure, and the formation of interpenetrated hybrid structures was suggested by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Three washing solutions with different soaking conditions were tested: 1 or 7 days in absolute ethanol and 30 days in distilled water, resulting in E1, E7, and W30 washing series, respectively. Samples were obtained using the sol-gel process assisted with ultrasound probe, and the influence of ethanol or water as washing solvents on surface area, micro- and mesopore volume, and average pore size were examined in order to optimize their textural properties. Here, we introduce a synthesis procedure for obtaining silica–chitosan (CS)–tricalcium phosphate (TCP) xerogels, with CS nominal content varying from 4 to 40 wt.% and 10 to 20 wt.% TCP. The incorporation of calcium phosphates in the hybrid network allows for designing implants with interesting biological properties.
Silica/biopolymer hydrogel-based materials constitute very attractive platforms for various emerging biomedical applications, particularly for bone repair. This report using normal human osteoblastic cells indicates that these cells are especially sensitive to surface cues through energy production that enhances the necessary adhesion required for a successful osseointegration. In contrast, cells grown on the rough surface emitted long protrusions in search of surface roughness, with actin stress fibers clearly polarized and highly energized mitochondria clustered at focal adhesion sites. Combined backscattered and fluorescence confocal microscopy showed that in flat cells grown on a machined surface, highly energized mitochondria were distributed along the cell body. We have assessed the relationship between osteoblast differentiation and mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells grown on two different titanium surfaces, in order to provide valuable information for the design of material surfaces required for the development of the most appropriate osteogenic surface for osteoblastic anchorage. Robust demands for energy are placed on osteoblasts during the adhesion process to solid surfaces, and mitochondria are capital organelles in the production of most of the ATP needed for the process. The periimplant bone formation by osteoblasts is strongly dependent on the local mechanical environment in the interface zone. Osseointegration of implants is crucial for the long-term success of oral implants.